Chemistry for Engineers Practice Test

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• Which term describes an electron pair acceptor in Lewis acid-base theory?
• Which term describes a substance that donates a proton in acid-base chemistry?
• What is the term for the state in which the forward and reverse rates are equal in a reversible reaction?
• Which quantity compares the actual yield to the theoretical yield and is expressed as a percentage?
• Reduction occurs at which electrode in an electrochemical cell?
• Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to stop osmosis. For a dilute solution, which expression correctly gives osmotic pressure?
• Define colligative properties.
• Which sequence correctly converts a mass of reactant to the mass of product using a balanced equation?
• Which gas law describes a relationship where pressure decreases as volume increases at constant temperature?
• Which term describes the measure of randomness or disorder in a system?
• Which term describes solute concentration as moles per kilogram of solvent?
• If a reactant concentration is suddenly doubled and the system is allowed to re-establish equilibrium at the same temperature, what happens to the value of the equilibrium constant K?
• Which bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?
• Differentiate between calorimetry at constant pressure and constant volume and give an example of each.
• Which concept is used to determine the quantities of products from given reactants?
• Standard state definitions for thermodynamics are typically 1 bar for gases and 1 M for solutes. True or false?
• The autoionization of water at 25°C is described by which equilibrium, and what is the pH?
• What term describes the acid-base reaction that yields a salt and water?
• Total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
• The van't Hoff factor i is defined as:
• Which principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical quantum numbers?
• Attraction between hydrogen and highly electronegative atoms called?
• Buffer capacity is defined as the amount of strong acid or base the buffer can neutralize per unit change in pH, and it is influenced by:
• In an electrochemical cell, which electrode is the site of oxidation?
• Energy released when gaseous ions form an ionic solid.
• Which term describes an electron pair acceptor?
• No two electrons in an atom can have identical quantum numbers
• Which statement about a catalyst is true?
• What is the term for the distribution of electrons among available orbitals in an atom?
• When R independent reactions are present, the degrees of freedom are F = C − P + 2 − R. True or false?
• Which expression correctly gives the standard heat of combustion using formation enthalpies?
• In a gas-phase equilibrium where the total number of moles of gas is greater on the left side than on the right, what is the effect of increasing external pressure?
• According to Hund's Rule, how do electrons fill degenerate orbitals?
• What does the binodal curve indicate in a phase diagram?
• The helium nucleus emitted from an unstable atom is called?
• What is the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration called?
• Which alloy is primarily composed of iron and carbon?
• Which statement correctly describes the standard reduction potential and how to compute a cell potential?
• For a two-reactant system, what is the general form of the rate law and how is it determined?
• The Arrhenius equation shows that the rate constant k increases with temperature because of:
• Under Arrhenius theory, which substance produces OH− in water?
• Homogeneous mixture of solute and solvent is called what?
• Measure of disorder in a system is called
• Which condition makes real gases behave most like ideal gases?
• Which term describes an electron pair donor?
• Which of the following best describes the units of specific heat capacity?
• What term for the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration?
• Activation energy Ea is defined as:
• Phase change from solid directly to gas.
• Which statement correctly describes a 'basis' in reactor calculations?
• What term describes using electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction?
• What is Hess's law and how is it used to determine reaction enthalpies?
• Amount of substance containing 6.022 × 10^23 particles
• Which property describes the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond?
• Explain the concept of specific heat capacity and provide its units.
• Which gas law describes volume being directly proportional to temperature at constant pressure?
• What term describes the loss of electrons in a chemical reaction?
• At chemical equilibrium, the Gibbs free energy change is equal to
• Which term describes the energy needed to remove an electron from an isolated atom?
• Which term refers to the pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with a liquid?
• State Henry's law and identify the type of systems it applies to.
• How is a rate law for a system with two reactants determined experimentally?
• Which condition causes real gases to behave most like ideal gases?
• Which factor would not influence the diffusion coefficient in a liquid?
• In the osmotic pressure equation π = i M R T for dilute solutions, what does i represent?
• If a solute ionizes into 3 particles in solution, how does it affect colligative properties relative to a nonelectrolyte?
• The time required for half of a radioactive sample to decay is called?
• Which statement correctly describes when a solution deviates positively from Raoult's law?
• What is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron?
• Which statement correctly describes the standard reduction potential?
• The term describing energy available to do work defined by ΔG = ΔH − TΔS is
• Deterioration of metal due to oxidation is known as what?
• Why does corrosion accelerate in the presence of an electrolyte, and which mitigation approach is commonly used?
• In a constant-volume calorimeter, the measured heat relates to which thermodynamic quantity?
• In boiling point elevation, which statement identifies a factor that increases ΔTb for a nonvolatile solute?
• Which equation expresses the PV = nRT relationship for gases?
• Under pseudo-first-order conditions, what does the rate law look like?
• Which process changes a solid directly into a gas?
• Which statement correctly describes how increasing pressure affects a gaseous equilibrium?
• What is the name of the reaction between an acid and a base that forms a salt and water?
• What term describes weak forces between molecules?
• A substance that lowers activation energy without being consumed is called
• What is the term for the ratio of actual yield to theoretical yield, multiplied by 100?
• What is the primary effect of adding a catalyst to a reaction mixture at equilibrium?
• Which equation correctly relates standard Gibbs free energy change to the equilibrium constant?
• Under Arrhenius theory, which substance produces H+ in water?
• Condition where forward and reverse reaction rates are equal.
• Gibbs phase rule for a non-reacting system with C components and P phases is F = C − P + 2. True or false?
• What bond forms by transfer of electrons between atoms?
• For a nonvolatile solute, boiling point elevation ΔTb is given by which expression?
• In Brønsted-Lowry theory, which term describes a proton donor?
• Under Arrhenius theory, which statement is true?
• Which type of electrochemical cell produces electricity spontaneously?
• For a buffer with pKa = 4.75, if the buffer's pH is 4.75, what is the ratio [A−]/[HA]?
• Electrons occupy orbitals singly before pairing
• Which condition is required to drive electrolysis of water?
• Energy available to do work defined as ΔG = ΔH − TΔS is known as what?
• Mass of one mole of a substance in grams per mole
• What is the purpose of a passivation layer on a metal surface and how does it form?
• In a binary ideal solution, the partial pressure of component i is given by which expression?
• Which concept is used for calculating the amounts of reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
• Which quantity is defined as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom?
• The high-speed electron emitted from the nucleus is called?
• 6.022 × 10^23 particles per mole
• Heat absorbed or released at constant pressure is associated with which thermodynamic quantity?
• Along the binodal curve, the two phases are in equilibrium. True or false?
• The common ion effect reduces the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt in the presence of a solution containing a common ion. Which statement is true?
• Which statement is the correct condition for spontaneity at constant temperature and pressure?
• Increasing temperature in an exothermic reaction shifts the equilibrium toward the reactants. True or false?
• Which term is defined as moles of solute per liter of solution?
• What term describes the gain of electrons in a chemical reaction?
• For an endothermic reaction at equilibrium, increasing temperature will cause the equilibrium to shift toward which side?
• Which statement best distinguishes electrolysis from spontaneous redox in a galvanic cell?
• Which type of radiation consists of high-energy electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus?
• Describe Raoult's law for ideal solutions and what deviations indicate.
• Henry's law is applicable for which scenario?
• Which statement correctly distinguishes Ksp from the common ion effect?
• What bond forms by sharing of electrons?
• Large molecules made of repeating structural units are called?
• What does Fick's first law describe in mass transport?
• What is latent heat of fusion and latent heat of vaporization?
• Which quantity is defined as the mass of one mole of a substance in grams per mole?
• Inorganic nonmetallic materials that are hard and brittle are called?
• Explain how to determine if a reaction is endothermic or exothermic from enthalpy change values and provide signs.
• In electrolysis, which process occurs at the cathode?
• Movement of solvent through semipermeable membrane.
• Energy difference between valence and conduction bands.
• Bond formed by a sea of delocalized electrons?
• Under what condition is the expression π = i M R T valid for osmotic pressure?
• How do you perform a constant-pressure energy balance for a single-reactant, single-product reacting system to determine heat of reaction?
• Electrical insulator that can store electric energy.
• Which gas law states that pressure is inversely proportional to volume at constant temperature?
• STP is defined as standard temperature and pressure equal to 0°C and 1 atm.
• Pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with liquid.
• Which term describes solute concentration as moles per liter of solution?
• Which material has conductivity between a conductor and an insulator?
• Which term is defined by the equation PV = nRT for gases?
• Le Chatelier's principle predicts that increasing pressure in a reaction system with gases will shift toward the side with fewer moles of gas.
• What is the integrated rate law for a first-order reaction?
• In a binary ideal solution, the total pressure is P = x_A P_A° + x_B P_B°. True or false?
• Which term is defined as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent?
• State the ideal gas law and the conditions under which real gases behave ideally.
• Which term refers to the reactant that is completely consumed first in a reaction?
• Weak forces between molecules?
• Which principle states it's impossible to know exact position and momentum of a particle simultaneously?
• In an inlet-outlet framework, how are conversion and selectivity defined?
• The Nernst equation for a galvanic cell at 25°C is:
• Which device spontaneously generates electricity from chemical reactions?
• Which equation correctly expresses the Arrhenius relation, and what plot yields the activation energy from data?
• Minimum energy required to start a reaction is called
• Under which condition does a reaction behave as pseudo-first-order?
• The high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from the nucleus is called?
• Which type of reaction releases heat?
• Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
• Arrangement of electrons in atomic orbitals
• As temperature changes, which statement about the equilibrium constant is true?
• What bond results from the transfer of electrons between atoms?
• Which term describes solute concentration as gram equivalents per liter of solution?
• Explain the concept of activation energy and how a catalyst modifies the energy profile of a reaction.
• Which statement best describes how a catalyst affects a reaction’s energy profile?
• Inorganic nonmetallic hard and brittle materials include which option?
• How do you compute the enthalpy change from standard formation enthalpies?
• What bond is formed by a sea of delocalized electrons?
• Which plot indicates a first-order reaction when analyzing concentration-time data?
• Which statement is true about Le Chatelier's Principle?
• Which process describes heat being absorbed from the surroundings?
• In the rate law Rate = k [A]^m [B]^n, which factor does not directly affect the numerical value of the rate constant k?
• What is the significance of a "basis" in reactor calculations for a chemical process?
• What is the energy required to remove an electron from an atom?
• Which principle states that a system at equilibrium shifts to oppose the change in conditions such as concentration, temperature, or pressure?
• How would you balance a redox reaction in basic solution?
• Reaction that absorbs heat (ΔH positive)?
• What are the two main reactor configurations used in chemical engineering practice, and what are their key differences?
• In an isothermal, steady-state reactor with a single reacting species, which statement represents the material balance?
• Define molarity and molality and explain when each is used in solution calculations.
• Which term is defined as the proton acceptor in Brønsted-Lowry acid-base theory?
• Which term describes a material with a small but nonzero band gap, allowing controlled conductivity?
• How does a catalyst affect a reaction's activation energy and overall enthalpy change?
• Movement of particles from high to low concentration.
• Which principle asserts that no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers?
• Which sequence correctly balances a redox reaction in acidic solution?
• Which type of cell requires external power to drive a reaction?
• What is the effect of adding an inert gas to a gaseous equilibrium at constant volume?
• Which statement about catalysts and chemical equilibria is true?
• Which phenomenon describes the movement of solvent through a semipermeable membrane?
• Which principle describes that electrons fill lower energy orbitals first?
• Which factor does not change the position of equilibrium?
• Which equation accounts for deviations from ideal gas behavior?
• What is the smallest unit of an element that retains its chemical properties?
• The Henderson–Hasselbalch equation is applicable in buffer solutions where both conjugate base and weak acid are present. The equation is:
• Materials made from two or more distinct components are called?
• What does selectivity measure in reaction engineering?
• Which term is defined as gram equivalents of solute per liter of solution?
• Which factors influence the diffusion coefficient in liquids and gases?